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Contents
Electrostatics Bsc 2nd Year Notes
Electrostatics is a branch of physics that studies electric charges at rest. As a fundamental aspect of electromagnetism, it deals with the forces, fields, and potentials arising from static electric charges. Electrostatic phenomena arise from the forces that electric charges exert on each other and are described by Coulomb’s law.
Electric Charge
Electric charge is a fundamental property of matter that causes it to experience a force when placed in an electromagnetic field. There are two types of electric charges: positive and negative. Like charges repel each other, while opposite charges attract.
- Positively Charged Particles: These have more positive ions than negative ions.
- Negatively Charged Particles: These have more electrons than protons.
- Neutral Particles: These contain equal numbers of protons and electrons.
Coulomb’s Law
Coulomb’s law quantifies the amount of force between two stationary, electrically charged particles. The force between the charges is directly proportional to the product of their charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
Electric Field
The electric field is a vector field around a charged particle that represents the force that would be exerted on other charges placed in the field. The field is defined as the force per unit charge.
Electric Potential
Electric potential is the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a reference point to a specific point inside the field without producing any acceleration. It is typically measured in volts.
Capacitance
Capacitance is the ability of a system to store an electric charge. An electrical device that stores energy in the electric field is known as a capacitor. The capacitance is measured in units called farads.
Electrostatics Bsc 2nd Year Notes Pdf
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